Does wordpress prevent non wordpress pages from being allowed on the same domain?

The WordPress way of doing it would be to simply create your pages within the WordPress dashboard and create a custom page template to use for these landing pages.

However if you don’t want to use WordPress (for whatever reason) the safest way would be to place the landing page in it’s own directory so you would have http://www.example.com/landingpage/newfile1.php or something similar.