Get uploaded image path in wordpress by filename

I am not 100% sure I understand what you want but…

WordPress treats attached media like a custom post type. The file name, minus the extension, is stored as the post_title in the $wpdb->posts table. So, to get the path just search for the file name minus the extension.

$q = new WP_Query(
  array(
    'fields' => 'ids',
    'name'=>'1011722_472449312832633_575764530_n',
    'post_type' =>'attachment',
    'post_status' => 'inherit',
    'ignore_sticky_posts' => true,
    'posts_per_page' => 1
  )
);
$attid = $q->posts[0];

You can use $attid plus get_attached_file or wp_get_attachment_image or other attachment function to the other information you want.