There are two main packages that provide components which can be used inside the blocks API or the plugins API (to create your own blocks or plugins).
The components found in the wp.components package can be used to manipulate data. This data could be the attributes from a block or the data from your custom store or one of the default stores. They can actually be used outside of the block editor.
The components found in the wp.editor package are meant to be used inside the editor to manipulate it. They are used internally by the block editor itself or core blocks and can be used in your own blocks as well. These components make use of the block editor data stores so they have to be used inside it. Currently, the block editor can only be loaded inside the post editor but this is something that will probably change soon.