How add short description Featured Products or Related Products

Featured Products is a widget. Inserting content here is tricky, because there is no real hook. But what the widget does is a simple call to WP_Query, and here we can use the action loop_start. We just have to make sure to find the correct loop_start, because there are probably many more on each page.

So first create a function for the description:

function print_woo_featured_products_desc()
{
    remove_action( current_filter(), __FUNCTION__ );

    echo 'This is my description.';
}

This function removes itself from the current filter (loop_start) and prints your description. Now we have to activate it somewhere:

add_action( 'woocommerce_loaded', function() {

    add_filter( 'dynamic_sidebar_params', function( $params )
    {
        if ( $params[0]['widget_name'] === __( 'WooCommerce Featured Products', 'woocommerce' ) )
            add_action( 'loop_start', 'print_woo_featured_products_desc' );

        return $params;
    });
});

Explaining what happens would take too much time. And I did that already:

The related products are a template. Just copy woocommerce/templates/single-product/related.php to your theme into /themename/woocommerce/single-product/related.php, and add your description after

<h2><?php _e( 'Related Products', 'woocommerce' ); ?></h2>