How do I link to a blog not set as the homepage?

The permalinks by default are output relative to the site’s blog posts index (aka 'page-for-posts', aka posts page). You’re using a custom page template for the static page Section/News. That static page is unrelated to the site blog posts index. That’s why the permalinks don’t reference that page.

If you want your permalinks to reference your static page Section/News, then you need to assign that static page as your posts page in Dashboard -> Settings -> Reading.

If you want to be able to display only posts for a specific category on your blog posts index, you can do that via a query filter hooked into pre_get_posts; e.g.:

function wpse76370_filter_pre_get_posts( $query ) {
    if ( ! is_admin() && is_home() && $query->is_main_query() ) {
        // This is the main loop query for the blog posts index;
        // Only display a specific category
        $query->set( 'cat', '14' );
    }
}
add_action( 'pre_get_posts', 'wpse76370_filter_pre_get_posts' );