responding to code added by OP
replace post with the slug of your post type.
add_filter('views_edit-SLUG_OF_YOUR_POST_TYPE', function($views) { ...
So a custom post type of Library Books with a slug of library-books:
add_filter('views_edit-library-books', function($views) {...
original response
Use $wp_roles->remove_cap( $role, $cap ); on all roles except the admin, removing the edit_others_posts cap.
See this for caps and roles.