How to add new embed handler not supported by oembed?

Pretty sure it’s the fact you’re trying to use the regex pattern in your sprintf call, when you should be using… well, a sprintf format:

$embed = sprintf(
    '<iframe class="openload-video" src="https://openload.co/embed/%s" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" width="700" height="430" allowfullscreen="true" webkitallowfullscreen="true" mozallowfullscreen="true">></iframe>',
    esc_attr(
        $matches[1]
    ) 
);

Note that you’re not using www in your embed url:

https://openload.co/f/onU1gT5mkJ8/A_date_with_Lazar_Angelov.mp4

as expected in your pattern:

#https://www\.openload\.co/f/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/([a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)?#i