How to change “Dashboard” text in wordpress

If you put the code below on your functions you should be able to filter the global $title easily on the admin_head action.

<?php
add_action( 'admin_head', 'q167372_dash_name' );
function q167372_dash_name(  ){
    if ( $GLOBALS['pagenow'] != 'index.php' ){
        return;
    }

    $GLOBALS['title'] =  __( 'Your new Title' ); 
}