First of all, it is a very bad idea to modify the original theme without creating a child theme. Disabling updates of such theme is even worse idea, because without updates, your site may get infected or attacked.
So the long-term solution would be to:
- Check the version of modified theme.
- Download that version from official repository.
- Compare the original files with modified ones.
- Create a child theme containing only necessary modifications.
If you need to disable the updates for a few days, there is an easy way to do it – just change the version of your theme to 9.9.9 – WordPress will think that it is newer than the one in repository and it won’t get updated. (BUT… Don’t think of this hack as a solution – it’s just a dirty temporary fix and you still should perform the process from points above).