Try something like this, I am unable to test this at the moment.
add_action('woocommerce_before_calculate_totals', 'personalization_check_category_in_cart');
function personalization_check_category_in_cart() {
// loop through all products in the Cart
foreach (WC()->cart->get_cart() as $cart_item) {
// if cart has category term, set variable $cat_in_cart to true
if (has_term( 'Personalize', 'product_cat', $cart_item['product_id'])) {
$product = $cart_item['data']; // get product data
$product_id = $product->get_id(); // get product ID
$note = get_post_meta( $product->get_id(), 'product_personalization_note', true ); // get meta
echo '<div class="checkout-personalization-message-container"><p>' . $note . '</p></div>';
}
}
}