Yes, it’s possible in the same manner as before. I don’t know why you think the filter is not passing the parameters anymore.
add_filter('attachment_fields_to_edit', 'user16975_edit_fields', 10, 2);
function user16975_edit_fields($form_fields, $attachment){
// check for an audio attachment
if ( substr($attachment->post_mime_type, 0, 5) == 'audio' ) {
$playertag = $playertag = "";
$form_fields["audioplayer"] = array(
"label" => "Audio player",
"input" => "html",
"html" => "<button type="button" class="button" data-link-url="$playertag" audioplayer="audio-player-{$attachment->ID}">Audio Player</button>",
);
}
return $form_fields;
}
Here is the result :