You could try merging the two arg arrays:
$args = array(
'post_type' => array('post','page'),
'tax_query' => array(
'relation' => 'OR',
array(
'taxonomy' => 'category',
'field' => 'slug',
'terms' => 'slider'
),
array(
'taxonomy' => 'my_taxonomy',
'field' => 'slug',
'terms' => 'slider'
),
),
);