This is the solution I finally found after many hours investigation:
RewriteRule ^subfolder1/(.*)$ http://www.domain.tld [R=301,NC,L]
With the above code in the .htaccess-file, which is located in your websites root directory, all URLs which contain www.domain.tld/subfolder1/* are redirected to the root domain.
Hope this will help anybody else than me 🙂