There’s at least 3 options:
- You could take the code for the native recent posts widget and
modify it in your child theme to work with your custom taxonomy. - You could create a new
WP_Query
using the tax parameters. - Or you could use a filter
widget_posts_args
to modify the default output of the native recent posts widget so it outputs your custom taxonomy.
I suggest you look into the core and find the native recent posts widget or category widget and take a look at the code. Try wp-includes/default-widgets.php.