How to set different cookies for logged in admin users and logged in non admin users?

You can use current_user_can() to detect what type of user is logged in, if any, then use setcookie() and $_COOKIE to test and set the necessary cookies.

function wpse_74742_stop_cache_cookie() {
    if (current_user_can('admin')) {
        if (empty($_COOKIE['disable_cache'])) {
            setcookie('disable_cache', 1);
        }
    }
}
add_action('init', 'wpse_74742_stop_cache_cookie');

This is an extremely basic example. There are a lot of details to cookie management so you may want to do a bit of reading up on cookie paths, domains and expiration.

You also may do better to simply set the cookie with the appropriate hook instead of relying on the user capabilities with the admin_init action:

function wpse_74742_disable_admin_cache() {
    if (empty($_COOKIE['disable_cache'])) {
        setcookie('disable_cache', 1);
    }
}
add_action('admin_init', 'wpse_74742_disable_admin_cache');