Limit or filter edit view in the dashboard to a specific ID only?

by

You can implement the filter yourself:

add_filter( 'request', function ( $vars ) {
    if ( is_admin() && $id = filter_input( INPUT_GET, 'post', FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_INT ) )
        $vars['post_in'] = [ $id ];

    return $vars;
});

Now if you pass a post param in the URL with the ID it will only show that post.