If you want that the featured image is clickable replace:
<?php the_post_thumbnail(); ?>
with
<a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/108215/<?php the_permalink(); ?>" rel="bookmark"><?php <?php the_post_thumbnail(); ?></a>
For the title and date replace this:
<h1 class="entry-title"><?php the_title(); ?><br><small class="time"><?php the_date('F j, Y'); ?></small></h1>
whit this:
<a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/108215/<?php the_permalink(); ?>" rel="bookmark"><h1 class="entry-title"><?php the_title(); ?><br><small class="time"><?php the_date('F j, Y'); ?></small></h1></a>
Remove that </a> at the beginning of the row, is useless.