Load different template for CPT (in loop) in my plugin?

There are no hooks in the load sequence triggered by get_template_part() that will help you.

  1. get_template_part()
  2. locate_template
  3. load_template

And locate_template() is hard-coded to look at theme files. I hate to write “you can’t do that” answers, but I honestly don’t see a way to override what file get_template_part() loads.