Make custom CSS changes and use built in theme customizer later?

I’m not familiar with the Cherry Framework but a quick search looks like the theme options allow for “Custom CSS” right under the General tab. To quote:

Custom CSS – if you need to add some CSS rules, but you don’t want to mess with the main CSS file, you can use this field. Just insert your new css rules.

http://www.templatemonster.com/help/quick-start-guide/wordpress-themes/master/index_en.html#general_option

Your other option is to use a child theme with a custom CSS file, like you mentioned. For just small CSS changes though, I don’t see any reason why the Custom CSS option of the theme wouldn’t work.