Modify function to print tags/categories/exclude tags/categories/ number of posts

I wonder if you mean this kind of a loop wrapper:

wpse_257857_loop(
        $args   = [ 'post_type' => 'page', 'posts_per_page' => 2 ],
        $before="template-parts/wpse-before",
        $loop   = 'template-parts/wpse-loop',
        $after="template-parts/wpse-after"
);

where we define it in the functions.php file, in the current theme directory:

/**
 * Simple loop wrapper
 */

function wpse_257857_loop( $args, $before, $loop, $after ) 
{
    $defaults = [
        'posts_per_page'      => 10,
        'ignore_sticky_posts' => true,
    ];

    $args = wp_parse_args( $args, $defaults );

    $query = new WP_Query( $args );

    if( $query->have_posts() )
    {
        get_template_part( $before );
        while( $query->have_posts() )
        {
            $query->the_post();
            get_template_part( $loop );
        }
        get_template_part( $after );

        wp_reset_postdata();
    }
}

Note that we don’t need wp_reset_query(), instead we use wp_reset_postdata().

We have to define the template parts, in the current theme directory, that we load with get_template_part().

Here’s an example:

/template-parts/wpse-before.php contains:
```
<div class="wpse-loop">
    <ul>
```
/template-parts/wpse-after.php contains:
```
    </ul>
</div>
```

/template-parts/wpse-loop.php contains:

 <li>
    <a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/257857/<?php the_permalink() ?>" >
        <?php the_title(); ?>
    </a>
 </li>

Hope you can adjust it to your needs!

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