No Authors for custom post type

You need to include the post type in the pre_get_post filter:

(Not sure about global $user_ID;, just reproduce that part of your code)

function content_for_current_author($query) {

    if($query->is_admin) {
        global $user_ID;
        $query->set('author',  $user_ID);
        $query->set( 'post_type', array('acf', 'another-custom-pot', 'page', 'post') );
    }
    return $query;
}
add_filter('pre_get_posts', 'content_for_current_author');

Details in WP Query documentation for Type Parameter

Also, your custom post type dosn’t support custom fields, maybe that is hte reason of meta boxes don’t showing. Not sure here because I don’t know how ACF works. Try to add support for custom fileds to your post type; change the support argument to:

supports' => array(
            'title',
            'custom-fields'
        ),