Not sure about all the other custom stuff you’re running in there. But looks like you have taken a few tutorials and maybe mashed them together. I think something simple like this might work for you, then you can add some bells and whistles or try for paged navigation later. This will get you regular old Previous and Next links, which you indicated would satisfy your needs for now:
<?php
if(have_posts()):
while (have_posts()) : the_post();
?>
<article id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>" class="blog-object">
<h2 class="blog-title">
<a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/103890/<?php the_permalink(); ?>" title="<?php the_title_attribute(); ?>"><?php the_title(); ?></a>
</h2>
<div class="blog-entry-meta">
<small><?php the_time('F jS, Y'); ?></small>
</div>
<?php the_content();?>
</article>
<?php
endwhile;
endif;
?>
<div class="navigation">
<span class="older"><?php next_posts_link('« Older') ?></span>
<span class="newer"><?php previous_posts_link('Newer »') ?></span>
</div><!-- .navigation -->
Feel free to modify that to accomodate other elements you want, such as author meta.