Concatenate the shortcode with the field value just before you evaluate it with do_shortcode.
the_field(‘link’) will automatically output the value while get_field(‘link’) will return the value.
<?php echo do_shortcode('[sociallocker]'. get_field('link') . '[/sociallocker]');?>
The problem you had before is that your evaluating the first 1/3 which doesn’t include the data. Then you print the data. And again evaluate a close tag without data.