Query WP Posts, then list the taxonomies from those posts

Use WP_Query with date_query and within loop show only posts with 'grantees' taxonomy using is_object_in_term()

$args = array(
     'date_query' => array(
          array(
            'year'  => 2018,
          ),
     ),
);
$the_query = new WP_Query( $args );

Then in loop

// The Loop
if ( $the_query->have_posts() ) {
    echo '<ul>';
    while ( $the_query->have_posts() ) {
        $the_query->the_post();

        if( is_object_in_term( $post->ID, 'grantees' )){

            // show post

            // and then term from taxonomy
            $terms = get_the_terms( get_the_ID(), 'grantees' );
            echo '</ul>';
              foreach($terms as $term) { 

             ?>
                <li>
                    <a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/330649/<?php $echo get_term_link( $term->term_id );?>">
                         <?php echo $term->name ;?> (<?php echo $term->count; ?>)
                   </a>
                </li> 
         <?php
             }  // END foreach()
           echo '</ul>';
        } // END if
     } // END while

    echo '</ul>';
} else {
    // no posts found
}
/* Restore original Post Data */
wp_reset_postdata();  

I hope this helps.
Note: Take care of typo, if any!