You should be able to check the conditions and add capabilities like this:
if(wp_get_current_user('gallerist') AND
'cats' == get_post_type() AND
has_term( 'status', 'age' )) {
$gallerist_role = get_role( 'gallerist' );
// Adding a new capability to role
$gallerist_role->add_cap( 'custom_capability' );
}
I am sorry I can not test it but I think it is a start