Sure. Hook into the save_post
action, then perform your custom queries upon save, and store them as custom fields of the post.
add_action('save_post', 'my_extra_meta_saver');
function my_extra_meta_saver($post_id)
{
global $post;
// Prepare whatever extra information you want here
// Save each piece of info in a custom field
update_post_meta($post_id, 'meta_key', 'meta_value');
}