This code runs a foreach loop through each value associated with the language taxonomy then runs a query on that value to get the posts associated with it.
$taxonomies = get_categories( array( 'taxonomy' => 'language' ) );
foreach ( $taxonomies as $tax ) {
global $post;
$args = array(
'language' => $tax->category_nicename,
'posts_per_page' => 10
);
$lang_query = new WP_Query( $args );
echo $tax->name;
echo '<ul>';
while ($lang_query->have_posts() ) : $lang_query->the_post();
echo '<li><a href="'.the_permalink().' ">' .the_title(). '</a> </li>';
endwhile; wp_reset_postdata();
echo '</ul>';
echo '<a href=" '.get_category_link( $tax->term_id ).'">View all in ' .$tax->name. '</a>';
}