if you are not aware of WordPress template structure.
https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/template-files-section/taxonomy-templates/
https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/template-hierarchy/
WordPress follow a hierarchy for post/page templates archive.php for your archive pages of post and category.
single.php for your every WordPress single post.
you can adjust your single.php code to make single page HTML different then archive page.
In your case to separate styling for the same HTML of single and archive page, why not your style archive and single page separate by taking body classes as a parent? your attribute will have different class on single and archive page