What’s the difference between esc_* functions?

esc_html and esc_attr are near-identical, the only difference is that output gets passed through differently named filters ( esc_html and attribute_escape respectively). esc_url is more complex and specific, it deals with characters that can’t be in URLs and allowed protocols (list of which can be passed as second argument). It will also prepend input with … Read more

Difference between esc_url() and esc_url_raw()

From the Codex entry for Data Validation: URLs: esc_url( $url, (array) $protocols = null ) (since 2.8) Always use esc_url when sanitizing URLs (in text nodes, attribute nodes or anywhere else). Rejects URLs that do not have one of the provided whitelisted protocols (defaulting to http, https, ftp, ftps, mailto, news, irc, gopher, nntp, feed, … Read more

Sanitize and data validation with apply_filters() function

There’s some confusion here, because not all of these are validation, there are 2 others that are necessary to understand what’s appropriate: validation sanitisation escaping Sanitisation Sanitisation makes things clean and well formed This cleans up the data, e.g. trimming trailing spaces, removing letters in a number field, making an all lowercase field all lowercase, … Read more

Best Practice for PHP

That’s question is only relevant, because WordPress use a mix from a coding language and layout language. If you would use a template language, syntax, than is this topic not relevant. But to your question. If you use your example source for a Theme, much more layout language like html, then I prefer the first … Read more

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