Caching is a tricky thing to achieve. You don’t want the users to see it and make them do extra work.

This is way browsers try to cache as much as a reasonable thing they need to do.

301 Redirects

This type of redirect is cached by browsers.

301 Moved Permanently. A 301 redirect is a permanent redirect which
passes between 90-99% of link juice (ranking power) to the redirected
page. 301 refers to the HTTP status code for this type of redirect. In
most instances, the 301 redirect is the best method for implementing
redirects on a website.
Moz

Cookies

Most time include pieces of content specific to the current user

Local storage

Not so much used by applications but can have data necessary to function-specific parts of web apps.

Solutions

The first try will be to Deactivate plugins and also remove redirects in the .htaccess.

Flushing WordPress rewrite rules.

Flushing the rewrite rules is an expensive operation, there are
tutorials and examples that suggest executing it on the ‘init’ hook.
This is bad practice. It should be executed either on the ‘shutdown’
hook, or on plugin/theme (de)activation.
Codex

Clear Cache and Cookies