Using OOP inside a Plugin – Is it allowed?

depends if you want to write OOP or just use PHP classes 😉

wordpress hook system is procedural in nature and there is a big amount of globals being used so it takes some mental effort to translate it into actual OOP. Most (99.9%) people attempting this fail and produce something which is basically procedural code wrapped in a class.

TL;Dr You can use whatever the language lets you. Callbacks are usually a point where people fail especially when you need to have an option to remove them from a hook