polylang stores translation in a taxinomy but it’s better to access them with the polylang object like that :
// test if the plugin polylang is present
if (isset($GLOBALS["polylang"])) {
$translations = $GLOBALS["polylang"]->model->post->get_translations($post->ID);
// $translations contains an array with all translations of the post
}
all translations are interconnected then there is no parent translation. if you want to find the first created post you can search the lowest ID or sort by publication time.