WordPress or Drupal for data-heavy content site

I would go with WordPress for the simple reason that it takes less time to create custom websites (your in a WordPress Support site did you think you would get a different answer?). It sounds like you need to read up on custom post types and taxonomies. I don’t see why the requirements you’ve mentioned couldn’t be handled by CPT’s if you set it up right. Here are a few resources to some info that may help:

Justin Tadlock’s CPT Tutorial (an older article, but still useful).

New2Wp.com’s CPT and Taxonomies The Right Way Tutorial

WPTutts Tutorial

That should give you a good start on how to use CPT’s and Taxonomies to catagorize your content into the needed fields.