If you’re looking for standards, you want to make sure you look at TwentyTen and TwentyEleven – those are included with WordPress and written by the core developers.
It doesn’t get anymore “standard” 🙂
But in terms of guidelines – this is the best place to look for official rules:
http://codex.wordpress.org/Theme_Development
Frameworks are there to help speed things up and get your project done. But none of theme will cover all of your needs.
Try a few out – see if one works for you. If not then just grab the html5boiler plate and start from there.