wp_query with cat not working

From what u have written so far it seems menu_categorie is the custom taxonomy. Make sure it is this only. I get a feeling that you have misses “s” from the end of menu_categorie

Anyways

The argument 'cat' => $id you were using is used for default taxonomy i.e category.

But in your case you have custom taxonomy menu_categorie.

So you need to use the tax_query.

So this is how your code will look.

<div class="tab-content">
<?php 
  $cat_menu = get_categories('taxonomy=menu_categorie&type=menus');
  foreach($cat_menu as $menu) {
    echo '<div role="tabpanel" class="tab-pane active fade" id="'.$menu->slug.'">';
    $id = (int) $menu->cat_ID;
    $args = array(
          'post_type' => 'menus',
          'post_status' => 'publish',
          'tax_query' =>
                      array(
                        array(
                          'taxonomy' => 'menu_categorie',
                          'field'    => 'id',
                          'terms'    => $id
                        ),
                      ), 
        );
    $recipes = new WP_Query($args);
    if($recipes->have_posts()) : while($recipes->have_posts()) : $recipes->the_post();
      echo the_title();
    endwhile; endif;
    echo '</div>';
  }
?>
</div>

This should work . If it doesn’t please let me know