I did not test the following code, but it should do what you want (or point you in the right direction, at least).
function captains_user_row_actions($actions, $user) {
// remove the ability to edit a non-team-member
$cap_team_id = get_user_meta(wp_get_current_user()->ID, 'team-meta', true);
$user_team_id = get_user_meta($user->ID, 'team-meta', true);
if ('users.php' === $GLOBALS['pagenow'] && $cap_team_id !== $user_team_id)
unset($actions['edit']);
return $actions;
}
add_action('user_row_actions', 'captains_user_row_actions', 10, 2);
// EDIT
Add the following to your functions.php
file to also handle direct editing:
function my_captain_func() {
$cap_team_id = get_user_meta(wp_get_current_user()->ID, 'team-meta', true);
$user_team_id = get_user_meta($_GET['user_id'], 'team-meta', true);
if ($cap_team_id !== $user_team_id && ! current_user_can('edit_pages')) {
wp_redirect(admin_url()); // or wherever you like
exit;
}
}
if ('user-edit.php' === $GLOBALS['pagenow'])
add_action('wp_loaded', 'my_captain_func');