When you say you removed the WP Super Cache plugin: did you deactivate the plugin, or just delete the plugins/wp-super-cache
directory? I suspect the latter, because it looks like your site is still trying to load WP Super Cache files.
You probably need to update your wp-config.php
file to remove the define( 'WP_CACHE', true );
line.
You might want to check this support thread, too, which discusses the steps you might need to take to completely remove WP Super Cache.