Your function doesn’t return a value, so you are effectively wiping the existing states.
Also, this hook passes you the current post as an object, so you can use that instead of the global $post.
Additionally get_page_template_slug
returns a path that is relative to your theme’s root, so if your theme directory is called Lef-en-Liefde
and the template file placed at the top level of that directory is called woningoverzicht.php
, then your condition '/themes/Lef-en-Liefde/woningoverzicht.php' == get_page_template_slug($post->ID)
can never be true.
So, correcting/changing for those points, this should work:
add_filter('display_post_states', 'wpse240081_custom_post_states',10,2);
function wpse240081_custom_post_states( $states, $post ) {
if ( ( 'page' == get_post_type( $post->ID ) )
&& ( 'woningoverzicht.php' == get_page_template_slug( $post->ID ) ) ) {
$states[] = __('Custom state');
}
return $states;
}