To give you a brief answer you need to create a custom post type.
For example a custom post type of property. When you set this up you declare what sections are visible to the user to be able to edit. Such as title, content, excerpt, author and so on.
When you set your custom post type you ca add custom sections that will appear aswell as / instead of the current fields. You can do this using add_meta_box() function.
For the bits you circled in red. You need to add taxonomies into the mix. You can do this by using wp_insert_term() function.
Good place to start – https://codex.wordpress.org/Post_Types