I can’t answer how you’ll get your dynamic data with which to update your Post Title, but you can easily hook into the Post Title, using the the_title
filter:
<?php
function mytheme_dynamic_title( $title ) {
// do something to the Post Title, which is passed
// into this function as the variable $title
// and then return $title
return $title;
}
add_filter( 'the_title', 'mytheme_dynamic_title' );
?>
That should get you started with hooking into the Title.