are you looking for get_post_type
?
You can use it to get any CPT type by slug and use it conditionally
For instance:
function filter_the_content( $content ) {
if ( ! is_user_logged_in() && 'my_cpt' == get_post_type() ) {
return "Content reserved to logged in users";
}
return $content;
}
add_filter( 'the_content', 'filter_the_content' );
The docs:
https://developer.wordpress.org/reference/functions/get_post_type/