Display latest post depending on Meta Box content

You’re speaking about custom field content and not meta box content – the meta box is the wrapper box where custom fields are displayed.

For the custom field display, you can create a WP_Query with a meta condition, i.e. adding a specific condition whether a custom field is set and with a specific value. @Rarst has given a similar example here.

See the WP_Query meta queries page for more details.