You can do that with using the depth
argument. I also created an array of your arguments for better readability.
The depth
argument accepts the following parameters:
‘depth’
(int) Number of levels in the hierarchy of pages to include in the generated list. Accepts -1 (any depth), 0 (all pages), 1 (top-level pages only), and n (pages to the given n depth). Default 0.
So, as you want to display the first children, you need to set it to 2, if you want the next level included, set it to three. 1 gives you toplevel ($parent == 0
) only.
$args = array(
'sort_column' => 'menu_order',
'title_li' => '',
'child_of' => $parent,
'echo' => 0,
'depth' => 2
);
$childpages = wp_list_pages( $args );