To update properties of a post in the database use wp_update_post
.
// Update post 37
$my_post = array(
'ID' => 37,
'post_title' => 'This is the post title.',
'post_content' => 'This is the updated content.',
);
// Update the post into the database
wp_update_post( $my_post );
Just beware of the possibility of an infinite loop when updating a post.