Ok, I thought I was out of options after few hours spent on this little piece of code. But somehow I managed to get result, just after I hopelessly posted the question here.
$terms = wp_get_object_terms( $id_array, 'portfolio_category' );
$new_array = array();
foreach($terms as $key => $term) {
$new_array[$key] = $term->term_id;
}
$cat_ids = implode(',', $new_array);
$categories = get_categories(
array(
'include' => $cat_ids,
'taxonomy' => 'portfolio_category'
)
);
Maybe somebody could comment on this solution?