Getting a role based on a localized role name

Just guessing, but maybe:

$admin = get_role( __( 'administrator' ) );

If you’re trying to make sure that WP translates the string for a specific locale, __() will return the translated string. So if get_role('administrator') works and on a French setup get_role('administrateur') would work, then the above code snippet should do what you need.

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