You can also use
$post_id = $_GET['post'];
Or you can use a hook (probably better).
function id_WPSE_114111() {
global $post;
$id = $post->ID;
// do something
}
add_action( 'admin_notices', 'id_WPSE_114111' );
You will need to add a conditional since this will run on all admin pages, I recommend using get_current_screen();
For example to run only on pages:
function id_WPSE_114111() {
global $my_admin_page;
$screen = get_current_screen();
if ( is_admin() && ($screen->id == 'page') ) {
global $post;
$id = $post->ID;
var_dump($id);
}
}
add_action( 'admin_notices', 'id_WPSE_114111' );