Have a look at the following documentation, this should clear things up for you. Your list of files that make up a theme are explained here also. Including which files are used when.
https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/template-hierarchy/
Have a look at the following documentation, this should clear things up for you. Your list of files that make up a theme are explained here also. Including which files are used when.
https://developer.wordpress.org/themes/basics/template-hierarchy/