How to add the time of a post to the list of posts on the administration page?

Try this:

add_filter('manage_posts_columns', 'posts_columns', 5);
add_action('manage_posts_custom_column', 'posts_custom_columns', 5, 2);
function posts_columns($defaults){
    $defaults['your_date_col'] = __('Date');
    return $defaults;
}
function posts_custom_columns($column_name, $id){
    if($column_name === 'your_date_col'){
        echo the_date();
    }
}