I think you are searching for the get_tags() function. You would need to place it into the single-post.php (or single.php if your theme doesn’t have a single-post.php) (to find the right template file you can always look up at WordPress Template Hierarchy).
To echo a list of tags with the aboved linked function you would need to use something like:
<?php $tags = get_tags(); ?>
<div class="tags">
<?php foreach ( $tags as $tag ) { ?>
<a href="https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/152298/<?php echo get_tag_link( $tag->term_id ); ?>" rel="tag"><?php echo $tag->name; ?></a>
<?php } ?>
</div>